国际搜索与救援咨询团社区响应者培训：增强伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区民间社会备灾能力

国际搜索与救援咨询团社区响应者培训（CRT）旨在为社区层面的急救员提供指导和培训。对地震的分析表明，大多数成功救援是在最初数小时内由平民——邻居和家人——完成的，远早于专业救援力量到达。因此，CRT旨在建立并发展民间社会的本地能力，以便在尚无有组织城市搜索与救援队伍的地区应对突发事件。2023年，指导组会议（ISG）核准了《社区响应者培训包》（当时名称为“First Responder Training 2.0”）。该培训涵盖国际搜索与救援咨询团完整的理论和实践标准课程，重点包括灾害评估与信息收集、响应者队伍组建、队伍内任务分配、简易搜索与救援行动、基础医疗救护和报告。The INSARAG Community Responder Training (CRT) was developed to provide guidance and training for first aiders on community level. Analysis of earthquakes have shown that the majority of successful rescues are done within the first hours by civilians – neighbors and family members – long before professional help can arrive. Thus, the CRT aims to build and develop local capacities within civil society to respond to incidents in areas where no organized USAR teams are (yet) present. In 2023 the ISG endorsed the Community Responder Training Package (back then under the name “First Responder Training 2.0”). The training covers the complete theoretical and practical standard curriculum of the INSARAG, focusing on disaster assessment and information gathering, formation of responder teams, task allocation within the teams, simple search and rescue operations, basic medical care, and reporting.

伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区是已实施国际搜索与救援咨询团社区响应者培训的五个国家之一。一个关键成功因素是培训的细致本地化。当地培训师根据社区具体情况调整标准化内容——无论是当地地震风险、典型灾害类型、地区建筑风格，还是当地真实案例。这种务实做法确保参训人员更好地理解内容，并能将演练内容直接应用于日常生活。The Kurdistan Region of Iraq was one of five countries that has implemented the INSARAG Community Responder Training. An essential success factor is the careful localization of the training. Local trainers adapt the standardized content to the community-specific conditions—whether it is the local earthquake risk, typical types of disasters, regional building styles, or real examples from the area. This practical approach ensures that participants better understand the content and can directly apply the exercises in their daily lives.

2025年10月13日至16日，联合危机协调中心（JCC）在德国联邦技术救援署（THW）支持下，第二次在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区举办社区响应者培训周。活动期间，五期CRT课程在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区各地同步举行。来自民间社会的125名参训人员，包括教师、志愿者和机构工作人员，在埃尔比勒、苏莱曼尼亚、哈拉卜贾、杜胡克和拉帕林接受了培训。早在2024年11月，该培训就曾在该地区五个地点同步开展。From October 13 to 16, 2025, the Joint Crisis Coordination Center (JCC) held the Community Responder Training Week for the second time in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq with the support by the German Agency for Technical Relief (THW). During this event, five CRT courses took place simultaneously across the entire Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A total of 125 participants from civil society, including teachers, volunteers, and agency staff, were trained in Erbil, Sulaymaniah, Halabja, Dohuk, and Raparin. Already in November 2024, the training was conducted simultaneously at five locations in the region.

该培训完全由JCC组织和实施。THW提供行政支持，并与德国联邦内政部的一名代表共同以线上方式正式启动活动。培训主要由JCC主培训师开展，THW工作人员提供支持；这些THW工作人员曾参加2023年在德国韦塞尔举行的THW CRT试运行。JCC在持续推进培训方面展现了卓越的承诺。回顾以往，THW支持JCC在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区开展了43期社区响应者培训。截至目前，已培训约1000名社区响应者。The training is fully organized and conducted by JCC. THW provides administrative support and, together with a representative from the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, officially launched the event digitally. The training was mainly conducted by JCC master trainers supported by THW staff, who took part in the test-run of the CRT by THW in 2023 in Wesel, Germany. JCC has proven outstanding commitment furthering the trainings. Looking back, THW supported JCC conducting 43 Community Responder Trainings in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Up to today, around 1.000 Community Responders have been trained.

社区响应者培训是帮助当地民众更好地为潜在危机、尤其是地震做好准备的重要一步。这对保护与安全至关重要——不仅对伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的社区如此。CRT培训包可在此处下载。The Community Responder Training is a significant step toward better preparing the local population for potential crises, especially earthquakes. It is crucial for the protection and safety – not only of the communities in the Kurdistan Region Iraq. The CRT package can be downloaded here .